Uttar Pradesh 2019 Population, Area, Physical Features, History, Literacy, Healthcare and Facts

Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state of India. It is situated in the northern part of India and shares boundary with Uttarakhand, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh and an international border with Nepal. Here, we are giving important information on Uttar Pradesh, which is very useful as GK study material for the preparation of competitive examinations like UPSC-prelims, SSC, State Services, NDA, CDS, and Railways etc.

The state is home to Hindu mythological heroes such as Rama and Krishna whose stories take place in the region that today makes up this state. It is also the third largest Indian state by the economy. Furthermore, as regards net domestic product, Uttar Pradesh ranks fourth.

Important Points about Uttar Pradesh in PDF

Statehood 24 January 1950
Capital Lucknow
Districts 75
Governor Ram Naik
Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath (BJP)
Area 243,290 km2 (93,930 sq. miles)
Population (2011) 199,812,341
Population Density 828 persons per km2 (2146/sq. miles)
Languages Official Hindi, Urdu
Literacy 67.68%
77.28 % (male)
57.18 % (female)
State animal Swamp deer
State bird Sarus crane
State tree Ashoka
State flower Palash
State dance Kathak
State sport Field hockey
Cities Towns 689
Development Blocks 822
Municipal Corporations 13
Members of Lok Sabha from U.P. 80
Members of Rajya Sabha from U.P. 31
Members of U.P. Legislative Assembly 404
Members of U.P. Legislative Council 100
Crops Paddy, Wheat, Barley, Millet, Maize, Urad (Black Gram), Moong (Green Gram) Arhar etc.
Fruits Mango, Guava etc
Handicrafts Chikan work, Embroidery, Furniture, Clay toys, Carpet Weaving, Silk, Bangles, Brassware work etc.
Main Industries Cement, Vegetable Oil, Textiles, Cotton Yarn, Sugar, Jute, Locks, Carpet, Brassware, Glassware, Bangles and Marble Inlay etc.
Rivers Ganga, Yamuna, Saryu, Gomti, Ram Ganga, Ghagra, Betwa, Ken
Folk Dances Charkula, Karma, Pandav, Pai-danda, Tharu, Dhobia, Raai, Shaira etc.
Places of Historical and Tourist Interest Agra, Mathura-Vrindavan, Ayodhya, Varanasi, Allahabad, Buddhist Circuit (Kaushambi, Kapilvastu, Kushinagar, Sankisa, Shravasti, Sarnath), Chitrakoot, Lucknow, Jhansi, etc.
Known
as/for
– Most populous state in India

– Most populous country
subdivision in the world

– The state which shares its
boundary with maximum
no. of states of India (9 state borders)

– Second largest state by
economy in terms of GDP

– Sugarcane Bowl of India

– Largest producer of food
grains & oilseeds in India

– Hindi heartland (as it gave
a great number of
notable writers to Hindi literature)

– Home to most powerful
empires of medieval & ancient
times – Magadh, Nand,
Maurya, Sunga, Kushan,
Rashtrakut, Pal & Mughals

– Starting place of Indian
freedom struggle –
Revolt of 1857, Meerut

– Bicameral legislature

– Maximum number of
Lok Sabha (80) & Rajya Sabha
(31) seats

– Jagadguru Rambhadracharya
Handicapped University
(in Chitrakoot) which is the only
university established
exclusively for disabled in the world

International Airport Lucknow, Varanasi
Tiger
Reserve
Amangarh (buffer of
Corbett TR),
Dudhwa, Pilibhit
Wildlife
Sanctuaries
– Bakhira WLS
– Chandraprabha WLS
– Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar
Bird WLS
– Hastinapur WLS
– Kaimur WLS
– Katerniaghat WLS
– Kishanpur WLS
– Lakh Bahosi Bird WLS
– Mahavir Swami WLS
– National Chambal WLS
-Nawabganj WLS
– Okhala Bird WLS
– Parvati Aranga WLS
– Patna WLS
– Ranipur WLS
– Saman Bird WLS
– Samaspur WLS
– Sandi Bird WLS
– Sohagibarwa WLS
– Sohelwa WLS
– Sur Sarovar WLS
– Jai Prakash Narayan
(Surhatal) Bird WLS
– Turtle WLS
– Vijai Sagar WLS
National
Parks
Dudhwa National Park
Bird
Sanctuaries
– Lakh Bahosi Sanctuary
– Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary,
– Okhla Sanctuary,
– Patna Bird Sanctuary,
– Saman Sanctuary,
– Samaspur Sanctuary,
– Sandi Bird Sanctuary,
– Bakhira Sanctuary,
– Thasrana Bird Sanctuary
(Dhanauri Wetlands)
Endemic
Bird Areas
Western Himalaya
Ramsar Sites Upper Ganga River
(Brijghat to Narora Stretch)
World
Heritage Site
Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri,
Taj Mahal
Important
Historical Sites
Sarnath & Kushinagar
Geographical
Indications
Banarasi Brocades
and Silk Sarees,
Allahabad Surkha, Mango
Malihabadi Dussehri,
Lucknow Chikan Craft,
Handmade Carpet of Bhadohi,
Agra Durrie,
Farrukhabad Prints,
Lucknow Zardozi,
Kala Namak Rice,
Firozabad Glass,
Kannauj Perfume,
Kanpur Saddlery,
Moradabad Metal Craft,
Saharanpur Wood Craft,
Handmade
Carpets of Mirzapur,
Handmade Carpets
of Banaras, Agra Petha,
Mathura Peda, Nizamabad
black clay pottery,
Varanasi Wooden Lacquerware
& Toys, Khurja pottery,
Meerut Scissors,
Banaras Gulabi Meenakari
Craft, Varanasi Wooden Lacquer
Wear and Toys,
Mirzapur Handmade Dari,
Banaras Metal Repousse Craft
Major Regional
Festivals
Kumbh Mela
(Kumbh Mela 2013
registered 12 Crores human
visits – the largest human
gathering in the world!)
Natural
Vegetation
Tropical dry deciduous,
tropical moist deciduous,tropical thorn
Physical
Characteristics
The Gangetic Plain occupies
three-quarters of the state

In the above above information will increase the general awareness of the readers. If you know more about Uttar Pradesh that you think the article hasn’t included, then comment below.

Uttar Pradesh Physical Features

On the basis of its physiography, the main regions of Uttar Pradesh are the central plains of the Ganga and its tributaries, the southern uplands, the Himalayan region, and the submontane region between the Himalayas and the plains. The Gangetic Plain occupies about three-fourths of the total area of Uttar Pradesh. It largely consists of a fertile plain which is featureless, and varies in elevation, rising up to 300 metres in the northwest, and 60 metres in the extreme east. It is composed of alluvial deposits which are brought down by the Ganga and its tributaries from the Himalayas. The southern uplands constitute a part of the Vindhya Range, which is rugged, largely dissected, and rises towards the south-east. The elevation in this region reaches up to 300 metres.

The submontane region consists of the Bhabar, a narrow bed of alluvium and gravel, which along its southern fringes joins into the Terai area. The Terai area, which previously consisted of tall grass and thick forests, is a marshy and damp tract. A definite portion of the Terai region has been subject to deforestation. The topography of the Himalayan region is vastly varied. There are deep canyons, turbulent streams, large lakes and snow capped peaks.

Uttar Pradesh Historical Background

The history of Uttar Pradesh is recognised in the later Vedic Age as Brahmarshi Desha or Madhya Desha. Many great sages of the Vedic times like Bhardwaja, Gautam, Yagyavalkaya, Vashishtha, Vishwamitra and Valmiki flourished in this state. Several sacred books of the Aryans were also composed here. Two great epics of India, Ramayana and Mahabharata, appear to have been inspired by Uttar Pradesh. In the Sixth Century BC Uttar Pradesh was associated with two new religions- Jainism and Buddhism. It was at Sarnath that Buddha preached his first sermon and laid the foundations of his order. Several centres in Uttar Pradesh like Ayodhya, Prayag, Varanasi and Mathura became reputed centres of learning.

In the medieval period Uttar Pradesh passed under Muslim rule and led the way to new synthesis of Hindu and Islamic cultures. Ramananda and his Muslim disciple Kabir, Tulsidas, Surdas and many other intellectuals contributed to the growth of Hindi and other languages.

During the British rule in India, there were certain pockets in Uttar Pradesh that were governed by the English equity and common law. In 1773, the Mughal Emperor transferred the districts of Banaras and Ghazipur to the East India Company. The East India Company acquired the area of modernday Uttar Pradesh over a period of time. The territories occupied from the nawabs, the Scindias of Gwalior and the Gurkhas were initially placed within the Bengal Presidency.

History Behind the creation Uttar Pradesh

1. In January 1858, Lord Canning proceeded to Allahabad and formed the North Western Province excluding Delhi division.

2. In 1856, Awadh was placed under the chief commissioner. The districts were later merged with the North Western Province and began to be known as ‘North Western Provinces and Oudh’ in 1877. The entire province came to be known as the ‘United Provinces of Agra and Oudh’ in 1902.

3. In April 1937, Lucknow became the capital of the province, the name of which was further changed to United Provinces.

4. On January 24, 1950, the then governor general of India passed the United Provinces (alteration of name) Order 1950 renaming the then United Provinces as Uttar Pradesh.

5. On 9 November 2000, a new state, Uttarakhand, was carved out from the Himalayan hill region of Uttar Pradesh.

Uttara Pradesh Drainage

The state is well drained by a number of rivers originating in either the Himalayas to the north or the Vindhya Range to the south. The Ganges and its main tributaries—the Yamuna, the Ramganga, the Gomati, the Ghaghara, and the Gandak rivers—are fed by the perpetual snows of the Himalayas. The Chambal, the Betwa, and the Ken, originating from the Vindhya Range, drain the southwestern part of the state before joining the Yamuna. The Son, also originating in the Vindhya Range, drains the southeastern part of the state and joins the Ganges beyond the state borders (in Bihar).

Uttara Pradesh Soils

Much of the area of Uttar Pradesh is covered by a deep layer of alluvium spread by the slow-moving rivers of the Ganges system. Those extremely fertile alluvial soils range from sandy to clayey loam. The soils in the southern part of the state are generally mixed red and black or red-to-yellow.

Plant and animal life

The vegetation of Uttar Pradesh consists mostly of scrub. Forests are generally concentrated in the southern uplands. Animals of the region include tigers, leopards, elephants, wild boars, and crocodiles, as well as pigeons, doves, wild ducks, partridges, peafowls, blue jays, quails, and woodpeckers. Several species, such as lions from the Gangetic Plain, have become extinct. To preserve its wildlife, the state has established several game sanctuaries.

People

Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India. In the early 21st century it had an overall population density of more than twice the national average. The Gangetic Plain supports the overwhelming majority of the state’s population.

Health and welfare

Health care in the state is provided by a number of hospitals and clinics, as well as by private practitioners of allopathic (Western), homeopathic, Ayurvedic (traditional Hindu), and Unanī (traditional Muslim) medicine. Since independence many national and state welfare programs have provided improved opportunities in education, employment, and political representation to members of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

 

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