<\/a>Resources and Development Class 10 Important Questions<\/h2>\nQuestion 1.
\nWhat do you understand by a \u2018Resource\u2019? Give examples. (2015)
\nAnswer:
\nEverything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, is called a resource. It should be technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable. Only then, it can be termed as a \u2018Resource\u2019. Examples are: minerals, forests, fossil fuels etc..<\/p>\n
Question 2.
\n\u201cResources are a function of human activities.\u201d Justify this statement.
\nAnswer:
\nMere presence of resources, as free gifts of nature, does not make them resources. Human beings are essential components of resources because they transform material available in our environment into resources. The utility of resources depends on the stage of cultural development of man and the tools and technology used by him.<\/p>\n
Question 3.
\nWrite the classification of resources on four different bases. (2015)
\nAnswer:
\nResources can be classified in the following four ways:
\n(a) On the basis of Origin:<\/p>\n
\n- Biotic<\/li>\n
- Abiotic<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
(b) On the basis of exhaustibility:<\/p>\n
\n- Renewable<\/li>\n
- Non-renewable<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
(c) On the basis of ownership:<\/p>\n
\n- Individual (Personal)<\/li>\n
- Community<\/li>\n
- National<\/li>\n
- International<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
(d) On the basis of status and development:<\/p>\n
\n- Potential<\/li>\n
- Developed<\/li>\n
- Reserve<\/li>\n
- Stock<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 4.
\nExplain the classification of resources on the basis of origin and give one example of each.
\nAnswer:
\nOn the basis of origin, resources can be classified as Biotic and Abiotic.
\nBiotic Resources are obtained from the biosphere. They have life or are living resources, e.g., human beings, fisheries, forests, etc.
\nAbiotic Resources include all non-living things, e.g., rocks and minerals.<\/p>\n
Question 5.
\nClassify the resources on the basis of exhaustibility and give two examples of each.
\nAnswer:
\nOn the basis of exhaustibility, resources can be classified as: Renewable and Non-renewable.<\/p>\n
Renewable Resources. The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical and mechanical processes are known as renewable or replenishable resources, e.g., water, wildlife, forests, solar energy, wind energy etc.<\/p>\n
Non-renewable Resources. The resources which once get exhausted, cannot be remade. They take a long geological period of time, i.e., millions of years in their formation, e.g., minerals, fossil fuels etc.<\/p>\n
Question 6.
\nWrite two types of renewable resources and give one example of each type.
\nAnswer:
\nTwo types of renewable resources are as follows:<\/p>\n
\n- Continuous or Flow Resources, e.g., wind and water resources.<\/li>\n
- Biological Resources, e.g., natural vegetation (forests) and wildlife.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 7.
\nWrite two characteristics of non-renewable resources and write their two broad categories with examples.
\nAnswer:
\nTwo characteristics of non-renewable resources:<\/p>\n
\n- They cannot be recycled and get exhausted with their use.<\/li>\n
- They take millions of years in their formation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Two broad categories of non-renewable resources:<\/p>\n
\n- Recyclable resources, e.g., metals.<\/li>\n
- Non-recyclable resources, e.g., fossil fuels.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 8.
\nGive any two examples of non-renewable resources. (2015)
\nAnswer:
\nNon-renewable resources are resources which once get exhausted, cannot be remade. They take a long geological period of time, i.e., millions of years, in their formation, e.g., minerals, fossil fuels, etc.<\/p>\n
Question 9.
\nExplain four types of resources based on ownership and give one example of each type. (2014)
\nAnswer:
\nOn the basis of ownership, there are four types of resources:<\/p>\n
\n- Individual Resources. Resources, which are owned privately by individuals, e.g., farmers own
\npieces of land or houses. Plantation, pasture lands, water in wells are some resources owned by individuals.<\/li>\n - Community Owned Resources. These resources are accessible to all the members of the community, e.g., village ponds, public parks, playgrounds in urban areas are accessible to all the residents of that area.<\/li>\n
- National Resources. All the resources within the political boundary of a nation including the territorial water (oceanic area upto 12 nautical miles from the coast) extending into the ocean and resources therein belong to the nation, e.g., all minerals, forests, wildlife, water resources, land etc.<\/li>\n
- International Resources. There are international institutions which own and regulate some resources, e.g., The oceanic resources beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to the open ocean and no individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 10.
\nDistinguish between the following:
\n1. Potential and Developed Resources;
\n2. Stock and Reserves.
\nAnswer:
\n1. Potential Resources. Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised, e.g.r Gujarat and Rajasthan have a lot of potential for the development of wind and solar energy, but so far they have not been developed fully.
\nDeveloped Resources. Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation. The development of resources depends on technology and level of their feasibility, e.g., water resources used for hydel power generation or irrigation purposes.<\/p>\n
2. Stock. Materials in the environment, which have the potential to satisfy human needs but man does not have the appropriate technology to access them are included among stock, e.g. water is a compound of two inflammable gases: hydrogen and oxygen, which can be used as a rich Source of energy. But we do not have the required technical know-how to use them for this purpose. Reserves. Reserves are the subset of the stock, which can be put into use with the help of existing technical \u2018know-how\u2019 but their full use has been postponed for meeting the future needs, e.g., forest reserves, iron-ore reserves, water in the dams etc.<\/p>\n
Question 11.
\nName the categories under which natural resources can be grouped on the basis of state of development.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n
\n- Potential Resources<\/li>\n
- Developed Resources<\/li>\n
- Stock<\/li>\n
- Reserves.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 12.
\nHow are natural resources important for man? Give five points.
\nAnswer:
\nImportance of resources for man:<\/p>\n
\n- Resources are vital for human survival.<\/li>\n
- They are important for maintaining the quality of life as man has been using the bio-physical environment to satisfy his needs.<\/li>\n
- Natural resources form the backbone of the economy of a nation.<\/li>\n
- These are the bases for economic strength and prosperity of the people.<\/li>\n
- They provide material, energy and favourable conditions for development.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 13.
\nList the problems which resulted due to indiscriminate use of resources by man.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n
\n- It has resulted in depletion of many resources.<\/li>\n
- Accumulation of resources in few hands which, in turn, divided the society in two segments, i.e., haves and have-nots or rich and poor.<\/li>\n
- It has led to the global ecological crisis, e.g., global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution, land degradation, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 14.
\n\u201cResource planning is essential for sustainable existence.\u201d Discuss.
\nAnswer:
\nSustainable existence is a component of sustainable development which aims at development without damaging the environment and at the same time conserving for future generation. Therefore, resource planning is necessary for judicious, rational and equitable distribution and proper utilisation of resources. It has become essential for a sustained quality of life and global peace.<\/p>\n
Question 15.
\nWhat do you understand by \u2018sustainable economic development\u2019?
\nAnswer:
\nSustainable economic development means that \u2018development should take place without damaging the environment and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of future generation.\u2019<\/p>\n
Question 16.
\nWhy is \u2018Resource Planning\u2019 necessary? Give reasons.
\nAnswer:
\nPlanning is necessary for proper and judicious utilisation of resources.
\nReasons for resource planning:<\/p>\n
\n- Resource availability is not the same in all parts of the country.<\/li>\n
- Resources, especially non-renewable resources, need extra care as they Cannot be renewed.<\/li>\n
- There is acute shortage or deficiency of some resources.<\/li>\n
- Resource planning helps in proper utilisation of resources by reducing wastage. It takes care of future needs and may sustain the environment.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 17.
\n\u201cIndia has enormous diversity in the availability of resources.\u201d Name four varied regions to justify this statement.
\nAnswer:
\nThere are regions which are rich or self-sufficient in certain types of resources and there are areas that are deficient or have acute shortage of some vital resources.
\nFor example:<\/p>\n
\n- The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits.<\/li>\n
- Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water resources but lacks in infrastructural development.<\/li>\n
- Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources.<\/li>\n
- The cold desert area of Ladakh has very rich cultural heritage. It is deficient in water, infrastructure and some vital minerals.
\nSuch cases call for balanced resource planning at different levels.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nQuestion 18.
\nExplain three stages of \u2018resource planning.\u2019 (2015)
\nAnswer:
\nThree stages of resource planning:<\/p>\n
\n- Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping and the qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources.<\/li>\n
- Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plAnswer:<\/li>\n
- Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plAnswer:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 19.
\n\u201cPlanning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources in a country like India\u201d. Justify this statement with two relevant points and an example. (2013)
\nAnswer:
\nIndia has enormous diversity in the availability of resources. Through planning, regions which have shortage of vital resources and those having adequate quantities, receive equal attention.<\/p>\n
\n- There are regions which are rich in certain types of resources but are deficient in some other resources.
\nFor example: Arunachal has abundance of water but lacks in infrastructural development.<\/li>\n - There are some regions which can be considered self sufficient in terms of availability of resources. For example: The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits.<\/li>\n
- There are some regions which have acute shortage of some vital resources.
\nFor example: The state of Rajasthan is well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nQuestion 20.
\nWrite four factors which determine resource development in a region.
\nAnswer:
\nFour factors involved in the development of resources are:<\/p>\n
\n- Availability of resources<\/li>\n
- Level of technology<\/li>\n
- Quality of human resources<\/li>\n
- Historical experiences of the people<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 21.
\nWhat do you understand by \u2018conservation of resources\u2019? Why is it necessary to conserve our resources? Give three reasons.
\nAnswer:
\nConservation is judicious and planned use of natural resources for sustainable benefit to the present generation. It also maintains a potential to meet the needs and aspirations of future generations.
\nThree reasons for conservation:<\/p>\n
\n- Our resources are limited in nature, therefore they have to be frugally used.<\/li>\n
- Many of the resources are non-renewable in nature, therefore extra care has to be taken.<\/li>\n
- Their conservation is necessary for our own sustenance and for the ongoing economic developmental processes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 22.
\nExplain the concept of resource conservation as voiced by Gandhiji. (2012)
\nOr
\nWhom did Gandhiji make responsible for the depletion of resources at the global level?
\nAnswer:
\nGandhiji voiced his concern about resource conservation in these Words: \u201cThere is enough far everybody\u2019s need and not for anybody\u2019s greed.\u201d He placed the greedy and selfish individuals as the root cause for resource depletion at the global level. He was against \u2018mass production\u2019 and wanted to replace it with \u2018production by the masses\u2019.<\/p>\n
\n- Indiscriminate use of resources by human beings has led to the depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few individuals.<\/li>\n
- Irrational consumption and over-utilization of resources leads to socio-economic and environmental problems.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 23.
\nWrite four institutional efforts made at global level for \u2018resource conservation\u2019.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n
\n- At the international level, the Club of Rome advocated resource conservation for the first time in a more systematic way in 1968.<\/li>\n
- In 1974, the Gandhian Philosophy was presented once again by Schumacher in his book \u201cSmall is Beautiful\u201d.<\/li>\n
- Brundtland Commission Report in 1987, introduced the concept of \u2018sustainable development\u2019 and advocated it as a means for resource conservation. This was subsequently published in a book entitled \u201cOur Common Future\u201d.<\/li>\n
- In June 1992, the first \u2018International Earth Summit\u2019 was held in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, in which 100 heads of States met for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 24.
\nWrite the major features of Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n
\n- In 1992,100 heads of States met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, for the first \u2018International Earth Summit\u2019.<\/li>\n
- The summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of:\n
\n- environmental protection and<\/li>\n
- socio-economic development at global level.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and the Biological Diversity.<\/li>\n
- The Rio convention endorsed the global Forest Principles and adopted \u2018Agenda 21\u2019 for achieving sustainable development in the 21st<\/sup>\u00a0century. It is an agenda to combat environmental damage, poverty and diseases through global co-operation on common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 25.
\n\u201cThe future generation may not have sufficient resources as compared to the present generation\u201d. Justify the statement by giving suitable examples. (2012)
\nOr
\nWhy is the issue of sustainability relevant for development?
\nAnswer:
\nPresent sources of energy in India are coal, petroleum, natural gas, solar energy, wind energy, hydel power, electricity, wood for fire, cow dung etc. Most of these are non-renewable sources of energy which may get exhausted after some time. These are available in limited quantities. The present rate of consumption is higher than the rate at which these resources are being replenished and should be preserved for our future generations.<\/p>\n
In fifty years\u2019 time, India may depend largely on non-conventional sources of energy which are available in abundance such as solar energy, hydel energy, wind energy etc. The total hydel power potential in India is estimated at 1,50,000 MW of which only one-sixth has been developed so far.<\/p>\n
\n- Development of a country needs to be continuous. Every country would like to have the level of development go up further.<\/li>\n
- Many scientists have warned that the present levels of development cannot be sustained for the future as the present rate of consumption of both renewable and non-renewable resources is very high. Rapid industrialisation has led to environment degradation.<\/li>\n
- Sustainability development aims at development without damaging the environment and at the same time conserving for the future.<\/li>\n
- Sustainability of development is essential not only for the present generation but also for future generations to ensure a good life.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Land Resources<\/p>\n
Question 26.
\nWhy is land as a resource important for us? Write four points.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n
\n- 95% of our basic needs of food, clothing and shelter are derived from land.<\/li>\n
- We live on land and use it in different ways, e.g. for agriculture, for transport and communication systems, etc.<\/li>\n
- We perform our economic activities on land.<\/li>\n
- It supports natural vegetation, wildlife and human life.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 27.
\nWhy land-use should be done in a planned manner? Write two points.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n
\n- Land is a fixed asset.<\/li>\n
- As land is used for varied purposes and activities and for human sustenance, therefore it is important to use the available land for various purposes with careful planning.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 28.
\nLook at the picture and name three major relief features of India and their respective share in the total area.
\nAnswer:
\nThree major relief features:
\n1. Plains \u2014 43%
\n2. Mountains \u2014 30%
\n3. Plateaus \u2014 27%
\n![\"Social](\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/live.staticflickr.com\/65535\/48403823527_de1acdc3bf_o.png?resize=315%2C189&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n
Question 29.
\nName the relief feature occupying the largest area, along with its percentage share in the total area.
\nAnswer:
\nPlains occupy the largest area having 43% share in the total area.<\/p>\n
Question 30.
\nName three main relief features of India and write the importance of each.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n
\nWhat do you understand by a \u2018Resource\u2019? Give examples. (2015)
\nAnswer:
\nEverything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, is called a resource. It should be technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable. Only then, it can be termed as a \u2018Resource\u2019. Examples are: minerals, forests, fossil fuels etc..<\/p>\n
\n\u201cResources are a function of human activities.\u201d Justify this statement.
\nAnswer:
\nMere presence of resources, as free gifts of nature, does not make them resources. Human beings are essential components of resources because they transform material available in our environment into resources. The utility of resources depends on the stage of cultural development of man and the tools and technology used by him.<\/p>\n
\nWrite the classification of resources on four different bases. (2015)
\nAnswer:
\nResources can be classified in the following four ways:
\n(a) On the basis of Origin:<\/p>\n
(b) On the basis of exhaustibility:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Renewable<\/li>\n
- Non-renewable<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
(c) On the basis of ownership:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Individual (Personal)<\/li>\n
- Community<\/li>\n
- National<\/li>\n
- International<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
(d) On the basis of status and development:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Potential<\/li>\n
- Developed<\/li>\n
- Reserve<\/li>\n
- Stock<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 4.
\nExplain the classification of resources on the basis of origin and give one example of each.
\nAnswer:
\nOn the basis of origin, resources can be classified as Biotic and Abiotic.
\nBiotic Resources are obtained from the biosphere. They have life or are living resources, e.g., human beings, fisheries, forests, etc.
\nAbiotic Resources include all non-living things, e.g., rocks and minerals.<\/p>\nQuestion 5.
\nClassify the resources on the basis of exhaustibility and give two examples of each.
\nAnswer:
\nOn the basis of exhaustibility, resources can be classified as: Renewable and Non-renewable.<\/p>\nRenewable Resources. The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical and mechanical processes are known as renewable or replenishable resources, e.g., water, wildlife, forests, solar energy, wind energy etc.<\/p>\n
Non-renewable Resources. The resources which once get exhausted, cannot be remade. They take a long geological period of time, i.e., millions of years in their formation, e.g., minerals, fossil fuels etc.<\/p>\n
Question 6.
\nWrite two types of renewable resources and give one example of each type.
\nAnswer:
\nTwo types of renewable resources are as follows:<\/p>\n- \n
- Continuous or Flow Resources, e.g., wind and water resources.<\/li>\n
- Biological Resources, e.g., natural vegetation (forests) and wildlife.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 7.
\nWrite two characteristics of non-renewable resources and write their two broad categories with examples.
\nAnswer:
\nTwo characteristics of non-renewable resources:<\/p>\n- \n
- They cannot be recycled and get exhausted with their use.<\/li>\n
- They take millions of years in their formation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Two broad categories of non-renewable resources:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Recyclable resources, e.g., metals.<\/li>\n
- Non-recyclable resources, e.g., fossil fuels.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 8.
\nGive any two examples of non-renewable resources. (2015)
\nAnswer:
\nNon-renewable resources are resources which once get exhausted, cannot be remade. They take a long geological period of time, i.e., millions of years, in their formation, e.g., minerals, fossil fuels, etc.<\/p>\nQuestion 9.
\nExplain four types of resources based on ownership and give one example of each type. (2014)
\nAnswer:
\nOn the basis of ownership, there are four types of resources:<\/p>\n- \n
- Individual Resources. Resources, which are owned privately by individuals, e.g., farmers own
\npieces of land or houses. Plantation, pasture lands, water in wells are some resources owned by individuals.<\/li>\n - Community Owned Resources. These resources are accessible to all the members of the community, e.g., village ponds, public parks, playgrounds in urban areas are accessible to all the residents of that area.<\/li>\n
- National Resources. All the resources within the political boundary of a nation including the territorial water (oceanic area upto 12 nautical miles from the coast) extending into the ocean and resources therein belong to the nation, e.g., all minerals, forests, wildlife, water resources, land etc.<\/li>\n
- International Resources. There are international institutions which own and regulate some resources, e.g., The oceanic resources beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to the open ocean and no individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 10.
\nDistinguish between the following:
\n1. Potential and Developed Resources;
\n2. Stock and Reserves.
\nAnswer:
\n1. Potential Resources. Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised, e.g.r Gujarat and Rajasthan have a lot of potential for the development of wind and solar energy, but so far they have not been developed fully.
\nDeveloped Resources. Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation. The development of resources depends on technology and level of their feasibility, e.g., water resources used for hydel power generation or irrigation purposes.<\/p>\n2. Stock. Materials in the environment, which have the potential to satisfy human needs but man does not have the appropriate technology to access them are included among stock, e.g. water is a compound of two inflammable gases: hydrogen and oxygen, which can be used as a rich Source of energy. But we do not have the required technical know-how to use them for this purpose. Reserves. Reserves are the subset of the stock, which can be put into use with the help of existing technical \u2018know-how\u2019 but their full use has been postponed for meeting the future needs, e.g., forest reserves, iron-ore reserves, water in the dams etc.<\/p>\n
Question 11.
\nName the categories under which natural resources can be grouped on the basis of state of development.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- Potential Resources<\/li>\n
- Developed Resources<\/li>\n
- Stock<\/li>\n
- Reserves.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 12.
\nHow are natural resources important for man? Give five points.
\nAnswer:
\nImportance of resources for man:<\/p>\n- \n
- Resources are vital for human survival.<\/li>\n
- They are important for maintaining the quality of life as man has been using the bio-physical environment to satisfy his needs.<\/li>\n
- Natural resources form the backbone of the economy of a nation.<\/li>\n
- These are the bases for economic strength and prosperity of the people.<\/li>\n
- They provide material, energy and favourable conditions for development.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 13.
\nList the problems which resulted due to indiscriminate use of resources by man.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- It has resulted in depletion of many resources.<\/li>\n
- Accumulation of resources in few hands which, in turn, divided the society in two segments, i.e., haves and have-nots or rich and poor.<\/li>\n
- It has led to the global ecological crisis, e.g., global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution, land degradation, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 14.
\n\u201cResource planning is essential for sustainable existence.\u201d Discuss.
\nAnswer:
\nSustainable existence is a component of sustainable development which aims at development without damaging the environment and at the same time conserving for future generation. Therefore, resource planning is necessary for judicious, rational and equitable distribution and proper utilisation of resources. It has become essential for a sustained quality of life and global peace.<\/p>\nQuestion 15.
\nWhat do you understand by \u2018sustainable economic development\u2019?
\nAnswer:
\nSustainable economic development means that \u2018development should take place without damaging the environment and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of future generation.\u2019<\/p>\nQuestion 16.
\nWhy is \u2018Resource Planning\u2019 necessary? Give reasons.
\nAnswer:
\nPlanning is necessary for proper and judicious utilisation of resources.
\nReasons for resource planning:<\/p>\n- \n
- Resource availability is not the same in all parts of the country.<\/li>\n
- Resources, especially non-renewable resources, need extra care as they Cannot be renewed.<\/li>\n
- There is acute shortage or deficiency of some resources.<\/li>\n
- Resource planning helps in proper utilisation of resources by reducing wastage. It takes care of future needs and may sustain the environment.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 17.
\n\u201cIndia has enormous diversity in the availability of resources.\u201d Name four varied regions to justify this statement.
\nAnswer:
\nThere are regions which are rich or self-sufficient in certain types of resources and there are areas that are deficient or have acute shortage of some vital resources.
\nFor example:<\/p>\n- \n
- The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits.<\/li>\n
- Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water resources but lacks in infrastructural development.<\/li>\n
- Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources.<\/li>\n
- The cold desert area of Ladakh has very rich cultural heritage. It is deficient in water, infrastructure and some vital minerals.
\nSuch cases call for balanced resource planning at different levels.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nQuestion 18.
\nExplain three stages of \u2018resource planning.\u2019 (2015)
\nAnswer:
\nThree stages of resource planning:<\/p>\n- \n
- Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping and the qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources.<\/li>\n
- Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plAnswer:<\/li>\n
- Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plAnswer:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 19.
\n\u201cPlanning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources in a country like India\u201d. Justify this statement with two relevant points and an example. (2013)
\nAnswer:
\nIndia has enormous diversity in the availability of resources. Through planning, regions which have shortage of vital resources and those having adequate quantities, receive equal attention.<\/p>\n- \n
- There are regions which are rich in certain types of resources but are deficient in some other resources.
\nFor example: Arunachal has abundance of water but lacks in infrastructural development.<\/li>\n - There are some regions which can be considered self sufficient in terms of availability of resources. For example: The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits.<\/li>\n
- There are some regions which have acute shortage of some vital resources.
\nFor example: The state of Rajasthan is well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nQuestion 20.
\nWrite four factors which determine resource development in a region.
\nAnswer:
\nFour factors involved in the development of resources are:<\/p>\n- \n
- Availability of resources<\/li>\n
- Level of technology<\/li>\n
- Quality of human resources<\/li>\n
- Historical experiences of the people<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 21.
\nWhat do you understand by \u2018conservation of resources\u2019? Why is it necessary to conserve our resources? Give three reasons.
\nAnswer:
\nConservation is judicious and planned use of natural resources for sustainable benefit to the present generation. It also maintains a potential to meet the needs and aspirations of future generations.
\nThree reasons for conservation:<\/p>\n- \n
- Our resources are limited in nature, therefore they have to be frugally used.<\/li>\n
- Many of the resources are non-renewable in nature, therefore extra care has to be taken.<\/li>\n
- Their conservation is necessary for our own sustenance and for the ongoing economic developmental processes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 22.
\nExplain the concept of resource conservation as voiced by Gandhiji. (2012)
\nOr
\nWhom did Gandhiji make responsible for the depletion of resources at the global level?
\nAnswer:
\nGandhiji voiced his concern about resource conservation in these Words: \u201cThere is enough far everybody\u2019s need and not for anybody\u2019s greed.\u201d He placed the greedy and selfish individuals as the root cause for resource depletion at the global level. He was against \u2018mass production\u2019 and wanted to replace it with \u2018production by the masses\u2019.<\/p>\n- \n
- Indiscriminate use of resources by human beings has led to the depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few individuals.<\/li>\n
- Irrational consumption and over-utilization of resources leads to socio-economic and environmental problems.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 23.
\nWrite four institutional efforts made at global level for \u2018resource conservation\u2019.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- At the international level, the Club of Rome advocated resource conservation for the first time in a more systematic way in 1968.<\/li>\n
- In 1974, the Gandhian Philosophy was presented once again by Schumacher in his book \u201cSmall is Beautiful\u201d.<\/li>\n
- Brundtland Commission Report in 1987, introduced the concept of \u2018sustainable development\u2019 and advocated it as a means for resource conservation. This was subsequently published in a book entitled \u201cOur Common Future\u201d.<\/li>\n
- In June 1992, the first \u2018International Earth Summit\u2019 was held in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, in which 100 heads of States met for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 24.
\nWrite the major features of Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- In 1992,100 heads of States met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, for the first \u2018International Earth Summit\u2019.<\/li>\n
- The summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of:\n
- \n
- environmental protection and<\/li>\n
- socio-economic development at global level.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and the Biological Diversity.<\/li>\n
- The Rio convention endorsed the global Forest Principles and adopted \u2018Agenda 21\u2019 for achieving sustainable development in the 21st<\/sup>\u00a0century. It is an agenda to combat environmental damage, poverty and diseases through global co-operation on common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 25.
\n\u201cThe future generation may not have sufficient resources as compared to the present generation\u201d. Justify the statement by giving suitable examples. (2012)
\nOr
\nWhy is the issue of sustainability relevant for development?
\nAnswer:
\nPresent sources of energy in India are coal, petroleum, natural gas, solar energy, wind energy, hydel power, electricity, wood for fire, cow dung etc. Most of these are non-renewable sources of energy which may get exhausted after some time. These are available in limited quantities. The present rate of consumption is higher than the rate at which these resources are being replenished and should be preserved for our future generations.<\/p>\nIn fifty years\u2019 time, India may depend largely on non-conventional sources of energy which are available in abundance such as solar energy, hydel energy, wind energy etc. The total hydel power potential in India is estimated at 1,50,000 MW of which only one-sixth has been developed so far.<\/p>\n
- \n
- Development of a country needs to be continuous. Every country would like to have the level of development go up further.<\/li>\n
- Many scientists have warned that the present levels of development cannot be sustained for the future as the present rate of consumption of both renewable and non-renewable resources is very high. Rapid industrialisation has led to environment degradation.<\/li>\n
- Sustainability development aims at development without damaging the environment and at the same time conserving for the future.<\/li>\n
- Sustainability of development is essential not only for the present generation but also for future generations to ensure a good life.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Land Resources<\/p>\n
Question 26.
\nWhy is land as a resource important for us? Write four points.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- 95% of our basic needs of food, clothing and shelter are derived from land.<\/li>\n
- We live on land and use it in different ways, e.g. for agriculture, for transport and communication systems, etc.<\/li>\n
- We perform our economic activities on land.<\/li>\n
- It supports natural vegetation, wildlife and human life.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 27.
\nWhy land-use should be done in a planned manner? Write two points.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- Land is a fixed asset.<\/li>\n
- As land is used for varied purposes and activities and for human sustenance, therefore it is important to use the available land for various purposes with careful planning.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 28.
\nLook at the picture and name three major relief features of India and their respective share in the total area.
\nAnswer:
\nThree major relief features:
\n1. Plains \u2014 43%
\n2. Mountains \u2014 30%
\n3. Plateaus \u2014 27%
\n<\/p>\nQuestion 29.
\nName the relief feature occupying the largest area, along with its percentage share in the total area.
\nAnswer:
\nPlains occupy the largest area having 43% share in the total area.<\/p>\nQuestion 30.
\nName three main relief features of India and write the importance of each.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n
- There are regions which are rich in certain types of resources but are deficient in some other resources.
- Individual Resources. Resources, which are owned privately by individuals, e.g., farmers own
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